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Tree crops --- Tree crops. --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Forestry --- Ecology. --- Agroforestry --- Agroforestry. --- Ecology

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Microorganisms participate in both the manufacture and spoilage of foodstuffs. In Food Microbiology Protocols, expert laboratorians present a wide ranging set of detailed techniques for investigating the nature, products, and extent of these important microorganisms. The methods cover pathogenic organisms that cause spoilage, microorganisms in fermented foods, and microorganisms producing metabolites that affect the flavor or nutritive value of foods. Included in the section dealing with fermented foods are procedures for the maintenance of lactic acid bacteria, the isolation of plasmid and genomic DNA from species Lactobacillus, and the determination of proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria. A substantial number of chapters are devoted to yeasts, their use in food and beverage production, and techniques for improving industrially important strains. There are also techniques for the conventional and molecular identification of spoilage organisms and pathogens, particularly bacteria, yeasts, and the molds that cause the degradation of poultry products. Each method is described step-by-step for assured results, and includes tips on avoiding pitfalls or developing extensions for new systems.. Comprehensive and timely, Food Microbiology Protocols is a gold-standard collection of readily reproducible techniques essential for the study of the wide variety of microorganisms involved in food production, quality, storage, and preservation today.

Microbiology. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms

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Neutrinos play a key role in many areas of particle physics, nuclear physics and astrophysics. The recent discovery of neutrino oscillation has given the first hint of new physics beyond the standard model. Clearly, it is extremely important to study further the oscillation and other fundamental properties of neutrinos. It is also important to improve our knowledge of neutrino-nucleus reactions, which are crucial for understanding a large class of astrophysical phenomena. These and many other interesting questions can be investigated at stopped pion neutrino facilities like the one planned fo

Neutrinos --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear physics --- Astrophysics --- Neutrino interactions --- Collisions, Neutrino --- Interactions, Neutrino --- Neutrino collisions --- Neutrino reactions --- Reactions, Neutrino --- Nuclear reactions